Vat Savitri Puja, also known as Vat Purnima Vrat or Vat Savitri Vrat, is a significant Hindu festival observed by married women in various parts of India. This auspicious occasion, celebrated on the full moon day of the Hindu month of Jyeshtha, holds great importance as it commemorates the unwavering love and devotion of Savitri towards her husband, Satyavan. The festival serves as a reminder of the ideals of love, commitment, and selflessness that form the foundation of a strong marital bond.
The Legend of Savitri and Satyavan:
The legend associated with Vat Savitri Puja is derived from the ancient Hindu epic, the Mahabharata. According to the story, Savitri was a virtuous and devoted wife who chose to marry Satyavan, a man destined to die within a year. On the fateful day when Satyavan’s life was about to end, Yama, the God of Death, appeared to take his soul. However, Savitri, filled with unwavering love and determination, followed Yama into the forest.
Impressed by Savitri’s devotion, Yama granted her three boons. Savitri wisely used these boons to her advantage and asked for Satyavan’s revival, the return of her father-in-law’s sight, and the restoration of his kingdom. Yama, bound by his word, had no choice but to fulfill her requests, and thus, Satyavan was brought back to life. This legendary tale showcases Savitri’s exceptional love, wit, and courage, becoming an inspiration for married women.
Rituals and Observances for Vat Savitri Puja:
Vat Savitri Puja involves a series of rituals and observances that vary across different regions of India. While the specifics may differ, the essence of the celebrations remains consistent. Here is a detailed account of the customary practices associated with this festival:
- Fasting:
Married women observe a day-long fast on Vat Savitri Puja. From sunrise to sunset, they abstain from consuming food and water, demonstrating their dedication and love for their husbands. Some women may choose to observe a partial fast by consuming fruits and milk. This fast is believed to bring marital bliss, longevity, and well-being for their husbands.
- Worship of the Banyan Tree:
The banyan tree, known as the ‘Vat Vriksha’ or ‘Bargad’ tree, holds great significance in Vat Savitri Puja. Women gather around a banyan tree and tie sacred threads, usually yellow or red, around its trunk. The tree is considered sacred and represents the Trimurti (Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva). Women offer prayers, flowers, fruits, and light incense sticks to seek blessings for their husbands’ longevity and prosperity.
- Applying Vermilion:
Women apply vermilion (sindoor) to the banyan tree as well as their forehead. Sindoor is considered auspicious and symbolizes marital bliss and the well-being of the husband. By applying sindoor to the banyan tree, women invoke the blessings of Savitri and seek her intercession for a harmonious and fulfilling married life.
- Offering Rituals:
Women perform various rituals and offer prayers to seek the blessings of Savitri and Yama. They chant hymns, recite mantras, and read or listen to the story of Savitri and Satyavan. Some women observe a vigil throughout the night, engaging in devotional activities and reflecting on the significance of the festival.
- Pooja Items:
The necessary items for the puja include turmeric powder, vermillion, sandalwood paste, incense sticks, flowers, fruits, betel leaves, betel nuts, sacred thread, lamps, and a picture or idol of Savitri. These items are used in the worship rituals and are considered sacred during the puja.
- Gifting and Celebrations:
After the puja, women exchange gifts with each other, usually in the form of clothes, sweets, or bangles. This exchange of gifts symbolizes the bond of sisterhood and camaraderie among married women. Women seek blessings from elderly married women or mother-in-laws, who are regarded as the embodiment of Savitri’s virtues. Prasad (sacred offering) is distributed among family members and friends, fostering a sense of joy and togetherness.
Significance and Beliefs:
Vat Savitri Puja holds immense significance for married women in Hindu culture. By observing this fast and performing the associated rituals, women seek the blessings of Savitri and Yama for the well-being, longevity, and prosperity of their husbands. It is believed that the devotion and prayers offered during this puja strengthen the marital bond and enhance love and understanding between spouses.
Furthermore, the veneration of the banyan tree is deeply rooted in symbolism. The banyan tree represents stability, strength, and wisdom. Its extensive branches that grow from aerial roots signify the interconnectedness of family and the cycle of life. By worshiping the banyan tree, women seek the blessings of the Trimurti and invoke the divine energies associated with the tree.
Vat Savitri Puja is not limited to a specific region or community. It is celebrated with fervor and enthusiasm by married Hindu women across various parts of India, including Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar, among others. The festival not only pays homage to the legendary devotion of Savitri but also serves as a reminder of the sacredness of marriage and the enduring strength of love and commitment.
In conclusion, Vat Savitri Puja is a festival that celebrates the devotion, love, and determination of Savitri towards her husband. It is a day when married women observe a fast, perform rituals, worship the banyan tree, and seek blessings for the well-being and longevity of their husbands. The festival reinforces the sacred bond of marriage and serves as a reminder of the ideals of love, commitment, and selflessness that are cherished in Hindu culture.
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